Original Torah: Ancient Words in a Modern Light

I’m a Jew not in search of an adjective -R’ A. J. Heschel

Monday, February 18, 2002

Shut: Purim Sheilah

Hey Fleisher Rebbe,

How’s life? Thanks for the weekly droshes, great, keep it up! Also, I have
a question in anticipation of Shabbat Zachor - how can one remember and also
blot out the memory of Amalek? And is the only link to Purim the fact that
Haman is supposed to be an Amalekite?

love to hear what you have to say
l’shalom
Greg

Hey-

Before I begin to answer your question

< > Haman is supposed to be an Amalekite?>>

could you clarify what link you are talking about?
Purim was possibly an upperclass novella of nostalgia
among the returnees to Jerusalem longing for the
glorious days of the past. The link to Haman ha-Agagi
is almost certainly a reference to Amalek (Agag, the
king that Saul didn’t kill in I Samuel 15). However, I
would guess that is more to make the story seem more
epic than to be the ‘only link’.

“you must blot, yes, blot out the memory/zecher of
Amalek” (Exodus 17:8-16)
“remember, do not forget, what Amalek did to you”
(Deut. 25:17-19)

I would say these two verses contradict and are the
source of our troubles. I will attempt to study it in
greater detail in the near future. The bottom line is
like Rabbi Meir in TB Berakhot, that we should pray
for the destruction of sin, not of sinners (10a). I
would read two verses as “we must bring about a day
when there is no injustice of ‘Amalek’ and there is no
need to remember it, but in the meantime, remember
that evil exists and combat it.”
[http://www.wujs.org.il/activist/activities/programmes/heritage/beruriah.shtml]

also see
http://learn.jtsa.edu/topics/parashah/5756/tetzaveh.shtml
http://learn.jtsa.edu/topics/parashah/5754/pekuday.shtml
later
-Benjamin

My question about the link was the link between Amalek in Ex. and Deut. and
Purim - ie. why we read Parshat Zachor just before Purim, but your answer
hints at something else - you said that Haman was linked to Agag
intentionally but that was just to make the story juicier, so why the link
between Amalek and Purim - because they’re always out to get us?

marbim b’simcha

Greg

Hey-

If you read the JTS links I ihad ncluded, you’ll see
that Purim is almost like teshuvah and rectification
of all previous Jewish behavior [Saul’s behavior in
particular, i.e. they didn’t despoil the Persians].
see for how Purim and Zachor are part of the general
preparation for the redemption of Pesach
http://members.aol.com/minskee/Batmitzvah/Dvtorah3.htm

Some opinions in the Talmud even see Purim as a second
Matan Torah (giving of the Torah) since Sinai was
forced (’accept these or die’ in one midrash), here it
was “kiymu ve-kiblu, they established it and they
accepted it”, with the rabbis reading as the people
establishing the holiday and heaven accepting it.

see “The Jews accepted and they undertook” (ibid 9:27)
http://www.shemayisrael.co.il/parsha/chrysler/archives/tetzave.htm

see how Aish connects Germany to Amalek similar to how
the Megillah does. The difference, of course, being
that the Jews triumphed over Haman in the end.
http://www.aish.com/holidays/purim/the_hitler_haman_connection.asp

< linked to Agag
> intentionally but that was just to make the story
> juicier, so why the link> between Amalek and Purim -
because they’re always> out to get us?>>

I wouldn’t say ‘juicier’, but that Judaism operates on
resonance. On the one hand, Ma’aseh Avot Siman
le-Banim (the deeds of the forefathers are signs for
the children), and on the other it is our duty to
‘complete the world’ and fix the things our
forefathers left broken (Avot 2:15-16). So, by linking
Haman to Agag and to Amalek, we create a kind of
bigger picture of historical evil versus historical
good or (dis)obedience to the divine ethic.
see
http://uahc.org/goandstudy/volume2/nfty/n4.shtml

p.s. remember it say “remember, do not forget, what
Amalek DID” and “blot, yes blot out the
MEMORY/MEMORIAL of Amalek”, Zecher Amalek is his
memory and his deeds and his ways. Had the text said
Zera’ Amalek, only then would we be ‘justified’ in the
often quoted acid test of fundamentalism to kill even
an Amalekite baby.

okay, back to work and shabbat shalom!
I’ll probably send a cleaned up version Sunday or
Monday. I”m going to DC in the meantime.
-Benjamin

–the following site is about Purim around the world
http://www.shofar.org/shalom/941q_purim.htm
–see Klein on Purim to refresh the halakhic basis
http://learn.jtsa.edu/topics/diduknow/jrpguide/16_part4.shtml

posted by OJ at 7:48 am  

Friday, February 15, 2002

Terumah 5762, Exodus 25:1 - 27:19

Terumah 5762, Exodus 25:1 - 27:19

Read the reading online at:

http://learn.jtsa.edu/topics/parashah/jpstext/terumah.shtml

God instructs Moses “have them make Me a sanctuary that I may dwell among
them”

(25:8), then proceeds to make a box to contain the Presence (such as used for

Eastern gods to this day), and hut, and a house. Moreover, there is bread and

light. But it is explicitly stated that the bread is not for God to eat

(25:30), but for the priests (Leviticus 24:5-9). So what of the light? It comes

to teach that even when we build a home for God on Earth, we are truly building

a home for ourselves, to illumine our lives. In concrete terms, building for

others ultimately builds for ourselves.

Have a caring week!

-Shabbat Shalom!

This week’s bootleg dvar torah comes from the University of Judaism’s Rabbinic

School. http://38.246.89.29/Content/ContentUnit.asp?CID=845&amp;u=1925&t=0

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Shabbat Parashat Terumah

February 16, 2002 - 4 Adar 5762

The Menorah: Let Your Light Shine

By: Rabbi Bradley Shavit Artson

from the Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies

Everyone knows that the principal symbol of Judaism is the six-pointed Star of

David. But did you know that the

Magen David only became a Jewish symbol in the Middle Ages? Despite its

prominence on the flag of Israel and kiddush cups, the Magen David is a rather

late representative of Judaism and the Jewish People. For most of our history,

and certainly in antiquity, the preeminent symbol of the Jewish religion was

the Menorah, the seven- branched candlestick which was found first in the

Tabernacle of Moses, and later in the Temple of King Solomon in Jerusalem.

That menorah is mentioned for the first time in today’s Torah reading, when God

tells Moses to “make a lampstand of pure gold…its base and its shaft, its

cups, calyxes, and petals shall be of one piece. Six branches shall issue from

its sides.” In reading the description of the Menorah, the confusion is

overwhelming–the details are so complex that it is easy to despair of ever

visualizing it correctly.

That same confusion must have overwhelmed Moses as well. An ancient midrash,

recorded in the Talmud as well, states that “three things presented

difficulties to Moses, until the Holy Blessed One showed Moses with His

finger:…[one was] the menorah, as it is written, ‘and this was the work of

the menorah.” According to another ancient tradition, not God but the angel

Gabriel drew a picture so that Moses could see the image that God was

portraying in words.

Yet another tradition, found in Midrash Bamidbar Rabbah, holds that Moses kept

confusing the details each time he returned to the camp. After forgetting for

the third time, God told Moses not to worry, since the artist Betzalel would be

able to remember the details correctly, which indeed he did. Why were those

details so impossible to retain? What is the Torah teaching us about human

beings and about being human? After all, Moses is able to remember the entire

Torah (according to one tradition of how the Torah was recorded), and according

to Mishnah Avot, he was able to remember the entire Oral Teaching as well! How

could such a skilled and gifted mind have trouble remembering the details of

the Menorah?

Perhaps the Torah is telling us that even the most gifted of minds is stronger

in some areas and weaker in others. Moses was a great role model for our entire

people, yet he too was imperfect. Betzalel, who made no great contribution to

Jewish law or Jewish literature, was able to make a timeless contribution that

was beyond Moses’ abilities. Each of us has some special talent or gift that is

our unique strength. No matter how special other people may seem, you are able

to bring your unique perspective and insight and talents in a combination that

no one else can reproduce. In the words of the Mishnah, “there is no one
who

doesn’t have their hour, and nothing which does not have its place.” Each
one

of us, in our own ways, can add something irreplacable to the luxurious weave

of humanity.

Every individual person, like each glistening thread, makes the cloth that much

more shimmering and durable. No one can replace you. Perhaps that is also why

the Menorah has so many lights. Each one of the seven lights shines in its own

uniqueness. In fact, the only thing that can make a menorah treif (ritually

impermissible) is if the lights are not all on the same level–precisely

even–so that no two lights can be confused as one. So too, the Talmud

instructs that no replicas of the Temple menorah can be made or displayed

anymore. Perhaps this too is an assertion of the importance of each individual.

Just as the Temple Menorah cannot simply be replaced, so too no human being can

simply be replaced. Instead, those seven burning flames testify to the shining

light within each human being: “the human soul is the lamp of God.”
The light

of God’s love, justice, and concern can only illumine the world throught the

individual light that we shine through our deeds, our communities, and through

our performance of mitzvot.

Like the Menorah of old, we can illumine the world.

Shine brightly. Shabbat Shalom.

Have a caring week!

posted by OJ at 7:26 am  

Friday, February 8, 2002

Mishpatim Study Exodus 21:1 - 24:18

Mishpatim Study Exodus 21:1 - 24:18
Read the reading online:
http://learn.jtsa.edu/topics/parashah/jpstext/mishpatim.shtml
Mishpatim Study Exodus 21:1 - 24:18
Shabbat Shalom-

I had a very busy week this week working, going out, and starting MCAT teacher training so I decided to make this dvar a bit of a study
guide. Here’s the question: What is the priority of the crimes of this week’s portion and what is its relation to the Decalogue of
Exodus 20 (and the tablets at 30:11 - 34:35)?

Write back with your thoughts.
Two clues:

1) The first situation in Exodus 21 may be considered the most heinous, why?

2) The second tablets bear a resemblance to this portion, where and why might that be?

The English for the second tablets is at

http://learn.jtsa.edu/topics/parashah/jpstext/kitissa.shtml

Good luck

See a Dvar Torah I liked on “Acts of God” in the Bible.

http://learn.jtsa.edu/topics/parashah/5762/mishpatim.shtml

See another on living day to day (law) versus seeking a ‘hedonistic’

spiritual high (revelation).

http://38.246.89.29/Content/ContentUnit.asp?CID=845&amp;u=1924&t=0

Have a caring week!

posted by OJ at 7:10 am  

Friday, February 1, 2002

Yitro 5762 Evil

Justice

Ah, those who call evil good and good evil; who
present darkness as light and light as darkness; who present bitter as
sweet and sweet as bitter! Ah, those who are so wisein their own
opinion; so cleverin their own judgment!. Who vindicate him who is
in the wrong in return for a bribe, and withhold vindication from him who
is in the right. Assuredly,
as straw is consumed by a tongue of fire and hay shrivels as it burns,
their stock shall become like rot, and their buds shall blow away like
dust. For they have rejected the instruction of the Lord of Hosts, Spurned
the word of the Holy One of Israel. (Isaiah 5:20-24)

Justice

Let the breed of evildoers nevermore be named!
Prepare a slaughtering block for his sons because of the guilt of
their father. Let them not arise to possess the earth!
Then the worlds face shall be covered with towns. (Isaiah
14:20-21)

Sin

After Ahab sins, is punished with the destruction of
his line, he repents. Then
the word of the Lord cam to Elijah the Tishbite: Have you seen how Ahab
has humbled himself before Me? Because he has humbled himself before Me, I
will not bring the disaster in his lifetime; I will bring the disaster
upon his house in his sons time. (I Kings 21:28-29)
The sages, uncomfortable with this, said its dependent on the
sons following in their fathers evil ways.

1 The word of the Lord came to me: 2What do you mean by quoting this proverb
upon the soil of Israel, Parents eat sour grapes and their childrens teeth
are blunted? 3As I livedeclares the Lord Godthis proverb shall no
longer be current among you in Israel. 4Consider, all lives are Mine; the life
of the parent and the life of the child are both Mine. The person who sins, only
he shall die. 5Thus, if a man is righteous and does what is just and right: 6If
he has not eaten on the mountains or raised his eyes to the fetishes of the
House of Israel; if he has not defiled another mans wife or approached a
menstruous woman; 7if he has not wronged anyone; if he has returned the debtors
pledge to him and has taken nothing by robbery; if he has given bread to the
hungry and clothed the naked; 8if he has not lent at advance interest or exacted
accrued interest; if he has abstained from wrongdoing and executed true justice
between man and man; 9if he has followed My laws and kept My rules and acted
honestlyhe is righteous. Such a man shall livedeclares the Lord God.
10Suppose, now, that he has begotten a son who is a ruffian, a shedder of blood,
who does any of these things, 11whereas he himself did none of these things.
That is, [the son] has eaten on the mountains, has defiled another mans wife,
12has wronged the poor and the needy, has taken by robbery, has not returned a
pledge, has raised his eyes to the fetishes, has committed abomination, 13has
lent at advance interest, or exacted accrued interestshall he live? He shall
not live! If he has committed any of these abominations, he shall die; he has
forfeited his life. 14Now suppose that he, in turn, has begotten a son who has
seen all the sins that his father committed, but has taken heed and has not
imitated them: 15He has not eaten on the mountains or raised his eyes to the
fetishes of the House of Israel; he has not defiled another mans wife; 16he
has not wronged anyone; he has not seized a pledge or taken anything by robbery;
he has given his bread to the hungry and clothed the naked; 17he has refrained
from oppressing the poor; he has not exacted advance or accrued interest; he has
obeyed My rules and followed My lawshe shall not die for the iniquity of his
father, but shall live. 18To be sure, his father, because he practiced fraud,
robbed his brother, and acted wickedly among his kin, did die for his iniquity;
19and now you ask, Why has not the son shared the burden of his fathers
guilt? But the son has done what is right and just, and has carefully kept
all My laws: he shall live! 20The person who sins, he alone shall die. A child
shall not share the burden of a parents guilt, nor shall a parent share the
burden of a childs guilt; the righteousness of the righteous shall be
accounted to him alone, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be accounted to
him alone. 21Moreover, if the wicked one repents of all the sins that he
committed and keeps all My laws and does what is just and right, he shall live;
he shall not die. 22None of the transgressions he committed shall be remembered
against him; because of the righteousness he has practiced, he shall live. 23Is
it my desire that a wicked person shall die?says the Lord God. It is rather
that he shall turn back from his ways and live. 24So, too, if a righteous person
turns away from his righteousness and does wrong, practicing the very
abominations that the wicked person practiced, shall he live? None of the
righteous deeds that he did shall be remembered; because of the treachery he has
practiced and the sins he has committedbecause of these, he shall die. 25Yet
you say, The way of the Lord is unfair. Listen, O House of Israel: Is My
way unfair? It is your ways that are unfair! 26When a righteous person turns
away from his righteousness and does wrong, he shall die for it; he shall die
for the wrong he has done. 27And if a wicked person turns back from the
wickedness that he practiced and does what is just and right, such a person
shall save his life. 28Because he took heed and turned back from all the
transgressions that he committed, he shall live; he shall not die. 29Yet the
House of Israel say, The way of the Lord is unfair. Are My ways unfair, O
House of Israel? It is your ways that are unfair! 30Be assured, O House of
Israel, I will judge each one of you according to his waysdeclares the Lord
God. Repent and turn back from your transgressions; let them not be a stumbling
block of guilt for you. 31Cast away all the transgressions by which you have
offended, and get yourselves a new heart and a new spirit, that you may not die,
O House of Israel. 32For it is not My desire that anyone shall diedeclares
the Lord God. Repent, therefore, and live! (Ezekiel 18:1-32)

7And Nathan said
to David, That man is you! Thus said the Lord, the God of Israel: It was I
who anointed you king over Israel and it was I who rescued you from the hand of
Saul. 8I gave you your masters house and possession of your masters wives;
and I gave you the House of Israel and Judah; and if that were not enough, I
would give you twice as much more. 9Why then have you flouted the command of the
Lord and done what displeases Him? You have put Uriah the Hittite to the sword;
you took his wife and made her your wife and had him killed by the sword of the
Ammonites. 10Therefore the sword shall never depart from your Housebecause
you spurned Me by taking the wife of Uriah the Hittite and making her your wife.
11Thus said the Lord: I will make a calamity rise against you from within
your own house; I will take your wives and give them to another man before your
very eyes and he shall sleep with your wives under this very sun. 12You acted in
secret, but I will make this happen in the sight of all Israel and in broad
daylight. 13David said to Nathan, I stand guilty before the Lord!
And Nathan replied to David, The Lord has remitted your sin; you shall not
die. 14However, since you have spurned the enemies of the Lord by this deed,
even the child about to be born to you shall die. (II Samuel 12:7-14)

Positive and Negative (Good and Evil) are relative

A positive test for pneumonia is negative to you. When the disease is
succeeding, you are succumbing. Every void that opens is filled. In
the words of Maimonidies, evil is what obstructs you from achieving your goals.

Re: Stewart Weiss “The God Factor” 3/4/01 Jerusalem Post

With due respect to Mr. Weiss, he seems to misunderstand the nature of God. God works in mysterious ways. The rabbis label this as
“hester panim”(BT Haggigah 5a), the hidden face, as hinted at in the Persian name of Esther. We see God’s actions through history and with hindsight, “Israel saw the Egyptians dead on the shore of the sea. And when Israel saw the wondrous power which the Lord had wielded against the Egyptians, the people feared the Lord; they had faith in the Lord and His servant Moshe” (Ex 14:30-31). We see from here that _God is a perspective_. The Israelites saw the dead Egyptians and concluded that there is a God that saved them. The Egyptians on the other hand, were not prepared to concur. Thus, throughout Jewish history we have seen God’s hand in his salvations and necessarily in our decimations as per the divine epithet of Isaiah 45:7 “maker of peace and creator of evil” which even the rabbis (BT Berakhot 11b) emended to “maker of peace and creator of everything”. We don’t like to see God as the source of evil, but He is. Maimonidies takes to task this idea of God in his Guide (3:11-12) and explained evil as being not from God, but our perception of natural events that obstruct our goals. According to the prophets, God planned history to be the way it is (Isaiah 37:26 Jeremiah 10:23). How can you praise both the deity who wrought the Jewish victory in 1948 and the one who wrought the atrocity of 1939-1945? We must follow Maimonidies’ approach. We must realize that God is the source of everything yet not directly responsible for it. The destruction of the Temple (70 CE) was wrought by human hands as much as the establishment of the State (1948 CE). That is, “All is in the hands of heaven but the fear of heaven.” (BT Megillah 25a). God perhaps can tip the scales, but is nevertheless a perspective in history. The Greeks saw their gods in history. So too, we see our God in history. That is our task as Jews (Isaiah 43:9-13). But we must admit that it is our perspective, our myth, and not the requirement of all others. Just as Maimonidies claims God created a world that does not always meet our desires, one may simply say the world does not always meet our desires. It is the nature of the Bible to read God into history. We must recognize that that is not a necessary way of seeing the world. God is a perspective. I ask your tolerance of those who disagree.

Tags:
posted by OJ at 11:41 am  

Friday, February 1, 2002

Yitro 5762 On Evil

Yitro 5762, Exodus 18:1-20:22

Shabbat Shalom-

This week’s reading is well-known for the revelation of God’s law from the
center of a fiery storm (the Decalogue), but few consider other gems such as how
to conduct oneself without underwear. Exodus 20:22 gives the priests a law
concerning the altar, “And you shall not ascend on steps on my
slaughter-place that you do not reveal your nakedness upon it.” What
this means, is that the priest was wearing a type of kilt such that if he were
to take stairs to the top of the altar, about 20 feet or more on some altars, he
would give the crowd below a bit of a show which might diminish from the focus
on the ritual communion with God.

There are many things I’d like to comment on in this portion, particularly on
the relevance of the Decalogue to other nations and American grade-school
classrooms. However, in light of currents events, our war on the
‘evil-ones’, those terrorists, I thought I’d discourse on what evil is.

Exodus 19:4-5 “You shall not prostrate to them [other gods] and you
shall not service them for I, YHWH, your God, am a jealous God, visiting the
iniquity of the fathers on the sons till the third or fourth [generation] to my
enemies and doing lovingkindness to the thousandth [generation] of my
supporters and keepers of my commandments.”

“The person who sins, he alone shall die. A child shall not share the
burden of a parents guilt, nor shall a parent share the burden of a childs
guilt; the righteousness of the righteous shall be accounted to him alone, and
the wickedness of the wicked shall be accounted to him alone. Moreover, if the
wicked one repents of all the sins that he committed and keeps all My laws and
does what is just and right, he shall live; he shall not die.” Ezekiel
18:20-21

See the doc on evil.

Have a caring week!

Tags:
posted by OJ at 6:05 am  

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